Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders may be classified into the following types:

• Panic disorder: Sudden and repeated attacks of intense fear (panic attacks) with physical symptoms like chest pain and breathlessness.
• Generalised anxiety disorder: Constant and excessive worry about everyday events.
• Specific phobias: Extreme fear of particular objects or situations (e.g., fear of flying, heights, or spiders).
• Social Anxiety Disorder: Strong fear of being judged or embarrassed in social situations.

Anxiety disorders are linked to physical symptoms of anxiety such as:

• Pounding heart
• Racing pulse
• Chest discomfort
• Sweating
• Trembling or shaking
• Feeling of loss of control
• Feeling giddy
• Light-headedness
• Chills
• Hot flushes 

Some factors that contribute to the development of anxiety disorders are as follows:

• Genetics: Family history of anxiety may be a risk factor.
• Environmental factors: Stressful life events, trauma, or ongoing stress.
• Brain changes: Overactivity in areas of the brain that process fear.
• Chemical imbalance: Changes in brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) that regulate mood.

A doctor or mental health specialist diagnoses anxiety disorders using the following methods: 

• Medical evaluation: Physical examination, symptoms and observation of behaviour.
• Blood tests and imaging: To rule out other physical conditions such as thyroid or heart conditions that mimic anxiety.
• Psychological assessment: Discussion of symptoms, duration, and impact on daily life. 

Depending on the type and severity of the anxiety, one or more of the following treatment approaches may be recommended:

• Medications: Such as antidepressants or anti-anxiety medicines to reduce symptoms.
• Psychotherapy (counselling or talk therapy): Especially Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), which helps patients manage negative thought patterns.
• Lifestyle modifications: Relaxation techniques, regular exercise, proper sleep, and healthy diet.

You should consult a doctor if you:

• Feel constant worry or fear that interferes with daily activities.
• Experience frequent panic attacks.
• Notice physical symptoms like chest pain, breathlessness, or dizziness without a clear medical cause.

While anxiety cannot always be fully prevented, these steps can reduce the risk:

• Practice stress management (yoga, meditation, deep breathing).
• Limit caffeine, alcohol, and smoking.
• Maintain a consistent sleep routine.
• Seek support from friends, family, or mental health professionals when under stress.

For management of anxiety, patients may consult a Psychiatrist (for diagnosis and medication) or Psychologist/Therapist (for counselling and psychotherapy).