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Arthroscopy

Overview

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure, used to diagnose joint disorders and treat joint problems. A small incision is first made at the joint; through this incision, a narrow tube with a fibre-optic camera is inserted. This allows the surgeon to clearly view the region inside the joint on a screen. This technique makes it feasible for orthopaedic doctors to diagnose and treat joint disorders using minimal incisions and small surgical tools.

Arthroscopy is used when other tests like X-rays or MRI scans do not provide clear answers. It is often recommended for:

  • Loose bone or cartilage fragments
  • Torn ligaments or cartilage
  • Inflammation of  the joint lining
  • Scarring inside the joints
  • Unexplained joint pain, swelling, or stiffness

The procedure generally performed under local, regional, or general anaesthesia. The steps include: 

  • Changing into a hospital gown.
  • Receiving a sedative through intravenous route.
  • Administering local, regional, or general anaesthesia based on the condition.
  • Positioning the patient for optimal joint access.
  • Injecting sterile fluid into the joint for enhanced visibility Making small incisions for the camera and instruments.
  • Incision closure through stitches or adhesive strips.
     

Based on the joint being treated, the surgery may require anywhere between 30 minutes and 1 hour.

Your doctor will provide specific instructions prior to the procedure:

  • Avoiding certain medications before surgery
  • Fasting for a few hours
  • Arranging for someone to take you home
  • Wearing loose, comfortable clothing

Arthroscopy is generally safe, but a few possible complications might include:

  • Tissue or nerve damage
  • Infections at the surgical site
  • Blood clots

Arthroscopy usually lasts around an hour. After the procedure, post-operative care includes:

  • Medications for pain management and inflammation control
  • Following the R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression, elevation) protocol
  • Wearing splints or slings or using crutches,as advised
  • Physical therapy along with rehabilitation exercises

Recovery often allows for light activities and desk work within a few days and driving in 1–3 weeks; however, more strenuous activities (heavy lifting, running, and high-impact sports) may be resumed few weeks later. Regular follow-ups are vital to monitor the progress and resolve any concerns.

Disclaimer:

The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.