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Athetosis

Overview

Athetosis is a disorder that involves hyperkinetic movements, which present as slow, writhing movements of fingers and hands. It may be associated with abnormal postures of the extremities, stiffness, and difficulty in performing voluntary movements.

Athetosis affects movement and posture. Common features include:

  • Slow, writhing, twisting movements of hands, fingers, arms, or legs
  • Muscle stiffness or rigidity
  • Trouble with voluntary actions
  • Difficulty with precise movements like buttoning clothes
  • Abnormal postures of the extremities

Athetosis usually occurs due to damage in the basal ganglia (a deep part of the brain that controls movement). Common causes include:

  • Brain injury
  • Stroke
  • Cerebral palsy (a group of conditions affecting movement and posture from birth-related brain injury)
  • Neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s disease
  • Infections or inflammations of the brain
  • Genetic disorders

To identify athetosis and its cause, doctors may recommend:

  • Clinical examination: To observe movement patterns.
  • Imaging tests (MRI/CT scans): To detect brain injury, stroke, or structural problems.
  • Blood tests: To check for metabolic disorders like Wilson’s disease.
  • Genetic testing: If an inherited condition is suspected.

Treatment focuses on controlling symptoms and addressing the underlying cause:

  • Medications: To control muscle overactivity.
  • Surgical interventions: Deep brain stimulation (a device implanted in the brain to regulate abnormal activity) in severe cases.
  • Assistive devices: Orthotic devices or other assistive technologies to help with movement and daily tasks.
  • Rehabilitation therapies:
    • Physical therapy: to improve mobility and posture.
    • Occupational therapy: to support daily activities.

Consult a doctor if you or your child experience:

  • Involuntary writhing or twisting movements.
  • Difficulty in performing voluntary movements.
  • Stiffness or abnormal postures.

Not all cases of athetosis can be prevented, but risks can be lowered by:

  • Preventing head injuries (helmets, road safety).
  • Proper care during pregnancy and childbirth.
  • Managing risk factors for stroke (blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol).

For diagnosis and management of athetosis, patients should consult a Neurologist (specialist in brain and nerve disorders).

Disclaimer:

The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.