Bunion

Doctors generally describe bunions in two main ways:

• A mild bunion causes a small bump and slight discomfort around the big toe.
• A severe bunion causes a larger deformity, with the big toe leaning sharply towards the second toe, leading to significant pain and difficulty walking.

Common symptoms of bunions include:

• Soreness or pain, especially when walking or wearing tight shoes.
• Redness and swelling around the bunion.
• A burning feeling around the bump.
• Numbness may also develop due to pressure on nearby nerves.

Bunions usually develop because of inherited foot structure, but other factors can make them worse:

• Certain foot shapes passed through families are associated with an increased risk of bunion formation.
• Wearing tight shoes that squeeze the toes can worsen the problem.
• Prolonged pressure or imbalance in the way you walk may also contribute to bunions.

Doctors use simple procedures to diagnose bunions:

• A physical examination is usually, since the bump is visible at the base of the big toe or on the side of the foot.
• An X-ray may be done to see how severe the bunion is and to help plan treatment.
   

Based on the intensity of the pain, one or more of the following treatments may be recommended:

• Non-surgical treatment: Doctors may suggest non-surgical steps to relieve pain and slow down progression, such as:
  • Wearing shoes with a wide toe box to reduce pressure.
  • Additional padding inside the shoes to protect the bunion.
  • Changing daily activities that put extra stress on the foot.
  • Taking pain-relieving medications, such as NSAIDs, to ease discomfort.
  • Applying ice packs to reduce pain and swelling.
  • Using special shoe inserts or orthopaedic supports to improve foot alignment.
  • Receiving injections for temporary pain relief in certain cases.
• Surgical treatment: If non-surgical treatments do not provide relief, a bunion surgery is considered. Bunion surgery usually involves removing excess bone, realigning the toe, or fusing the joint to correct the deformity.

You should see a doctor if:

• You have constant pain in your big toe that interferes with walking or daily activities.
• The bunion continues to get bigger over time.
• You cannot find shoes that fit comfortably.
• You notice stiffness or limited movement in the big toe joint.

Prevention

Although bunions cannot always be prevented, you can reduce your risk by:

• Wearing comfortable shoes with a wide toe area and low heels.
• Avoiding tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes that put pressure on the toes.
• Using cushioned insoles or supports if you have foot shape problems.
• Paying attention to early signs of bunion formation and making footwear changes promptly.

If you suspect or have a bunion, you should see:

• An orthopaedic surgeon or a podiatrist, who can diagnose and treat bunions.
• A physiotherapist, who may guide you with exercises and ways to relieve discomfort.