Corrective Spine Osteotomy

Afflicted individuals show abnormal spine curvature. In many cases, the condition can be cosmetically bothersome even if there are no apparent symptoms. However, in a few patients, abnormal spine curvature can cause back pain and may even lead to nerve compression. This can affect the limbs and may even cause bowel and bladder complications.

Although rare, spine deformities, such as scoliosis (the sideward deviation of the spine) and exaggerated kyphosis (the increased front-to-back curve of the spine) may require specialised surgical management through corrective spine osteotomy. 

Corrective spine osteotomy is usually indicated for spine deformities, such as scoliosis (sideward deviation of the spine) and exaggerated kyphosis (increased front-to-back curve of the spine). These conditions may cause specialised surgical management through corrective spine osteotomy. These conditions can be cosmetic concerns, pain, nerve compressions, or in severe cases, bowel and bladder complications. 

The surgery is carried out by a multidisciplinary team, including a spine surgeon, anaesthetist, physician, and physiotherapist. 

• The patient is placed under general anaesthesia.
• The surgeon realigns the spine by carefully removing or reshaping parts of the vertebrae.
• Metal rods, screws, or plates are inserted to stabilise the spine in the corrected position.
• The incision is closed, completing the surgery.

The surgery is lengthy and may take several hours depending on the severity of the deformity and the surgical technique used.

• Clinical examination to assess the magnitude of the deformity, identify its causes, and confirm any nerve involvement.
• Spine radiograph (X-ray) to identify the apex of the deformity and its magnitude and assess any bony abnormalities.
• Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine may be required to assess the neural tissue.
• Further investigations specific to each patient.

Corrective spine osteotomy carries risks, such as:

• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Blood loss
• Hardware failure
• Non-union or malunion
• Postoperative pain
• Blood clots

Post-surgery rehabilitation is crucial for successful outcomes. Postoperative care include:

• Pain control medication.
• Proper wound care and regular dressing changes to prevent infection.
• Physical therapy to restore strength and mobility.
• Avoiding heavy lifting or strenuous activity for several weeks or months.
• Regular follow-up visits to monitor healing, assess complications, and track progress.

Full recovery can take several months with patients usually resuming light activities within 3–6 months. Physical therapy plays a critical role in regaining strength and mobility. Many patients experience lasting results with the spine remaining stable and properly aligned. Long-term outcomes depend on the severity of the deformity, the success of the surgery, and patient’s adherence to postoperative rehabilitation regime. 

Although corrective spine osteotomy is a complex procedure, for many patients, it results in improved alignment, pain relief, and enhanced quality of life.