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Gastro-Intestinal Surgery

Overview

Gastrointestinal surgery refers to surgical operations performed for various diseases of the digestive system, which includes the liver, pancreas, gall bladder, stomach, and small and large intestines. The surgery may be done through the conventional open method (through a cut or incision on the abdomen) or through any of the minimally invasive methods, which include either the laparoscopic method or robotic surgery.

GI surgery may be needed for:

  • Stomach cancer or neuroendocrine tumours (removal of parts of the stomach)
  • Cancer and tumours of the small intestine
  • Colon (large intestine) cancer or large polyps
  • Rectal cancer
  • Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
  • Gall bladder conditions: Cancer and gallstones (laparoscopic cholecystectomy = gall bladder removal)
  • Pancreatic conditions: Cancer and pancreatitis (Whipple’s procedure or distal pancreatectomy for tumours)
  • Liver cancer: Removal of part of the liver (hepatectomy) affected with cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or liver metastases
  • Large tumours in the abdomen: Neuroendocrine tumours/retroperitoneal tumours and masses
  • Miscellaneous abdominal conditions, such as acute abdomen, including perforation/obstruction and infections.

The specific procedure depends on the organ and condition being treated.

  • Open surgery: A larger cut is made in the abdomen to access the affected organ.
  • Laparoscopic/robotic surgery: Small cuts are made, and special instruments with a camera are used. Robotic systems provide higher precision.

As with any major surgery, risks may include:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection at the surgical site
  • Injury to nearby organs
  • Blood clots in the legs or lungs
  • Side effects from anaesthesia

Disclaimer:

The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.