Irregular Pigmentation

Pigmentation disorders are broadly divided into two categories:

• Hypopigmentation is characterised by lighter patches of skin due to reduced melanin production.
• Hyperpigmentation is characterised by darker patches or spots caused by excessive melanin production.

Common symptoms include:

• Irregular dark or lighter patches on the skin
• Uneven skin tone
• Spots that may increase in visibility with sun exposure

The main causes of irregular pigmentation include:

• Prolonged sun exposure
• Hormonal changes (e.g., during pregnancy or menopause)
• Certain medical conditions and diseases
• Inflammation or injury to the skin

A dermatologist typically diagnoses pigmentation issues based on:

• Skin examination
• Patients medical history to assess triggers or underlying conditions
• Additional tests if an associated disease is suspected

Treatment depends on whether the pigmentation is hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, and on its severity: 

• Topical creams such as hydroquinone, retinoids, or corticosteroids
• Chemical peels to improve the skin texture and reduce unevenness
• Laser therapy (e.g., Clear + Brilliant) for targeted pigmentation reduction
• Platelet-rich plasma in some cases of skin rejuvenation

You should consult a dermatologist if:

• Pigmentation spreads rapidly or changes in appearance
• Light or dark patches are associated with other symptoms (itching, pain, or scaling)
• Cosmetic improvement is desired but over-the-counter remedies are ineffective 

Preventive strategies can help reduce the risk of irregular pigmentation:

• Daily use of sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher)
• Avoiding excessive sun exposure
• Treating skin inflammation promptly
• Following a dermatologist’s guidance when using skin-lightening or brightening products

The right specialist for managing pigmentation issues is a dermatologist.