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Lumbar Discectomy

Overview

Lumbar discectomy is a spine surgery performed to remove part of a herniated disc in the lower back. A slippage or bulging disc can press on nearby nerves and cause pain, numbness, or weakness. Removing the problematic part of the disc relieves this pressure and helps alleviate symptoms.

Lumbar discectomy is mainly done to treat:

  • Sciatica, slip disc, and disc prolapse (different names of the same condition)
  • Conditions caused by herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP).

These problems can develop due to:

  • Heavy weightlifting, or strenuous labour
  • Poor posture or prolonged sitting
  • Obesity
  • Rarely, trauma 

Symptoms include: 

  • Lower back pain
  • Pain radiating to the buttocks, thigh, calf, or foot.
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs.

The surgery is usually performed by an orthopaedic spine surgeon or neurosurgeon, with support from an anaesthetist and physiotherapist. 

  • The procedure in performed under general anaesthesia (patient asleep).
  • A small incision is made in the back.
  • The surgeon carefully removes the portion of the disc pressing on the nerve and causes less tissue trauma, is commonly carried out to relieve symptoms post-surgery.
  • In many cases, a microdiscectomy is performed, which uses a smaller incision and special instruments to reduce tissue damage and promote faster recovery.
  • Physiotherapy is essential to improve the mobility and overall surgical outcome.
     

The surgery usually takes 1–2 hours, depending on the complexity and the number of discs involved.

Preoperative preparation may include

  • Detailed clinical examination to confirm the diagnosis.
  • X-rays to check spine alignment and stability.
  • Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to identify the exact site and extent of disc herniation.
  • Additional tests depending on the patient’s health.

Like any surgery, lumbar discectomy is associated with a few risks:

  • Bleeding
  • Surgical site infection
  • Nerve injury (rare)
  • Spinal fluid leak
  • Recurrence of disc herniation in the same or another level
  • Persistent or recurrent pain in some cases

  • Hospital stay usually last for 1–3 days after the procedure.
  • Pain relief medications are given to control pain after surgery.
  • Patients are encouraged to start moving and walking soon after surgery.
  • Physiotherapy is essential for regaining strength, flexibility, and proper posture.
  • Many patients resume light activities in 2–4 weeks. Full recovery and return to strenuous activity may take 6–12 weeks.

Disclaimer:

The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.