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Peritoneal Dialysis

Overview

Peritoneal dialysis is a home-based dialysis method that uses the peritoneal cavity to filter waste, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood stream. A catheter (a flexible tube), surgically placed near the belly button, facilitates the exchange of the dialysis fluid (dialysate). The lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneal membrane) acts as a natural filter, allowing the removal of fluids and waste products. Peritoneal dialysis allows for more uninterrupted time for work, family, and social activities. Further, home-based treatment eliminates the need for frequent hospital visits.

Peritoneal dialysis is used in patients with:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
  • End-stage renal disease (ESRD)
  • Certain cases of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Dialysis involves filling the peritoneal cavity (abdominal cavity) with dialysate through the catheter (called a dwell), allowing the peritoneal membrane to filter waste. Once the exchange is complete, the used dialysate is drained and replaced with fresh solution. Treatments can be done manuallyfour to five times a day (CAPD) or by using a cycler machine (CCPD/APD) while you sleep. Some people combine nightly cycler use with one or two daytime exchanges.

Each peritoneal dialysis exchange usually takes several hours. Manual exchanges (CAPD) are performed multiple times throughout the day, while machine-assisted exchanges (CCPD/APD) are typically done overnight.

Before starting peritoneal dialysis, certain steps help ensure safety and effectiveness:

  • The catheter and surrounding area should be clean and functioning properly.
  • Hands must be washed thoroughly before handling equipment or dialysate.
  • All necessary supplies, including fresh dialysate, tubing, and connection sets should be cleaned.
  • Dietary and fluid restrictions should be reviewed and followed as advised by the care team.

Peritoneal dialysis is generally safe, but possible complications may include:

  • Infection in the peritoneal cavity (peritonitis)
  • Catheter site infection or leakage
  • Hernias or fluid accumulation in the abdomen
  • It may not be suitable for patients with limited dexterity or insufficient home support

After peritoneal dialysis, careful monitoring and hygiene help ensure safety and effectiveness:

  • Strict hygiene needs to be maintained when performing exchanges to prevent infection.
  • Watch for signs of infection, abdominal pain, or cloudy dialysate.
  • Gradually resume normal activities, avoiding strenuous movements that could strain the catheter site.
  • Attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor dialysis effectiveness and kidney function.

Disclaimer:

The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.