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Diffuse Lewy Body Disease (DLBD)

Overview

Diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) is a progressive neurodegenerativebrain disease that refers to condition caused by alpha synuclein deposits in the brain. These deposits are called Lewy bodies. These interfere with brain function and lead to both movement problems and dementia. DLBD is accounted as the second most prevalent cause of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease.

Symptoms often overlap with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, but some features are more specific to DLBD:

  • Visual hallucinations (hallmark sign of DLDB)
  • Movement disorders like bradykinesia, rigidity, tremors
  • Cognitive problems such as dementia, confusion, agitation
  • Fluctuation in sensorium
  • Sleep disorders
  • Behaviour and mood symptoms such as depression, apathy, anxiety

The exact cause is unknown; however, abnormal buildup of alpha-synuclein proteins in brain cells leads to their dysfunction and death. Some genes may elevate the risk of developing DLDB.

Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical features and investigations:

  • Clinical examination: to assess memory, movement, and behaviour.
  • MRI brain: may show atrophy predominantly in occipital areas
  • PET scan: can show reduced brain activity (hypometabolism) in these areas
  • Brain biopsy (not done routinely)

There is currently no cure for DLBD, but treatments help manage symptoms:

  • Medications (cholinesterase inhibitors, antipsychotics, antidepressants)
  • Speech and cognitive therapy
  • Movement disorders treatment for stiffness and tremors

Seek medical advice if you or a loved one experiences:

  • Persistent visual hallucinations
  • New or worsening memory loss, confusion, or disorientation
  • Tremors, stiffness, or repeated falls

There is no known way to prevent DLBD, but general brain-healthy habits may help reduce risk.

For diagnosis and management of DLBD, consult a Neurologist (specialist in brain and nerve disorders).

Disclaimer:

The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.