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Electroencephalography (EEG)

Overview

Electroencephalography is a non-invasive (painless) neuroimaging technique that measures the electrical activity of the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp. The activity in the brain evolves as the brain develops. In a sleep-deprived state, the chances of abnormal activities in the brain being recorded are higher. EEG is performed under video recording to correlate the electrical activity with simultaneous abnormal body movements. Sometimes, prolonged EEG recording is also done for 48–72 hours to isolate the exact focus of abnormal activity.

  • Epilepsy and seizures (including status epilepticus)
  • Sleep disorders
  • Coma and encephalopathy
  • Encephalitis and other brain infections
  • Metabolic disorders causing altered sensorium
  • Head injury
  • Additional testing for brain death

The following steps are involved:

  • Various electrodes are placed on different parts of the scalp (in frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital areas).
  • Activities in these areas are recorded as electric signals.
  • Various manoeuvres such as photic stimulation, hyperventilation, eye opening, and closure are performed during the recording.
  • The responses are recorded to find any abnormality in the brain activity.

A routine EEG usually takes 20–40 minutes. Prolonged video EEG may last 24–72 hours.

No recovery time is needed. Patients can resume normal activities immediately after the test.

Disclaimer:

The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.